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This document describes results from the OHI 2018 global assessment. This is mostly an internal document to explore and check results. It also creates the figures used on the website and in other documents.

Primary dataset

These data are the OHI scores for the eez regions of 220 countries and territories from 2012 to 2018.

Region 0 is the global average scores, which are calculated using an area-weighted average of the region scores (status, likely future state, and score).

OHI scores

Global summary

This section describes global patterns in index and goal scores. The overall global score was 69.69.

Average global performance of the 10 goals.

Flower plots for each region can be downloaded from here

Country summary

Country index scores for 2018. Maps describing goal and index scores can be downloaded from here.

Distribution of country index scores. The median index score among countries was 66.27.

The regions with index scores of 80 or greater are:

region_name Index
Heard and McDonald Islands 90.27
Kerguelen Islands 89.93
Howland Island and Baker Island 89.59
Pitcairn 84.62
Macquarie Island 84.37
Norfolk Island 83.91
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 83.86
Aruba 83.04
Christmas Island 82.50
New Caledonia 81.93
Germany 81.47
Jan Mayen 81.14
Jarvis Island 80.69
Phoenix Islands (Kiribati) 80.43
Madeira 80.18
Northern Saint-Martin 80.12

The regions with index scores of 50 or less are:

region_name Index
Bosnia and Herzegovina 49.62
Eritrea 49.25
Guinea 49.15
Guinea Bissau 48.56
Syria 48.41
Somalia 48.22
Sierra Leone 47.22
Democratic Republic of the Congo 47.15
Lebanon 46.21
Nicaragua 44.95
Libya 42.41
Ivory Coast 40.66

Country scores across scenario year

This carpet plot figure (download as high resolution png) provides an overview of the scores from the 2018 assessment. Each row represents a region, the main groupings represent goals, and within each goal there are 6 years of data. Black regions indicate no data.

Don’t try too hard to interpret the results for specific countries/goals/years!!

This plot is good for providing a quick overview of:

  • What is the range of scores?
  • Which goals tend to have high scores across most regions (species, habitat)
  • Which goals have a lot of variation across regions (tourism & recreation, lasting special places)
  • Which goals are volatile across years (natural products, tourism & recreation)

Data

This interactive table describes the index and goal scores for the regions in 2018 (or, download csv version):




A closer look at goals

This section takes a closer look at the goal/subgoal scores.

Scores

Goal/subgoal scores for the 2018 scenario.

Artisanal opportunities

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Norway 100.00
United Arab Emirates 100.00
Qatar 100.00
Kuwait 100.00
United States 100.00
Ireland 100.00
Singapore 100.00
Brunei 100.00
Cayman Islands 99.62
Bermuda 99.22

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
211 Sao Tome and Principe 46.22
212 Solomon Islands 45.34
213 Cameroon 45.08
214 Benin 44.29
215 Guinea 44.29
216 Madagascar 43.88
217 Comoro Islands 43.82
218 Mozambique 43.49
219 Togo 43.07
220 Liberia 42.66

Species condition

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Northern Saint-Martin 94.70
Saba 94.14
Sint Eustatius 93.15
Australia 92.29
Montserrat 92.05
Sint Maarten 91.96
Taiwan 91.10
South Korea 90.95
Grenada 90.89
Saint Lucia 90.85

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
211 Montenegro 70.77
212 Bosnia and Herzegovina 70.47
213 Italy 70.22
214 Cyprus 68.59
215 Malta 67.98
216 Lebanon 67.31
217 Syria 67.14
218 Libya 63.09
219 Algeria 63.03
220 Monaco 60.11

Habitat

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Heard and McDonald Islands 100
Kerguelen Islands 100
Howland Island and Baker Island 100
Pitcairn 100
Macquarie Island 100
Norfolk Island 100
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 100
Clipperton Island 100
South Korea 100
Prince Edward Islands 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
209 Ivory Coast 62.49
210 Senegal 62.33
211 Dominica 62.03
212 Belize 61.32
213 Iceland 60.91
214 Poland 59.27
215 Sierra Leone 55.94
216 Nigeria 54.78
217 Bosnia and Herzegovina 49.26
218 Jan Mayen 37.62

Coastal protection

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Howland Island and Baker Island 100
Pitcairn 100
Phoenix Islands (Kiribati) 100
Wallis and Futuna 100
Netherlands 100
Denmark 100
British Indian Ocean Territory 100
Tuvalu 100
Line Islands (Kiribati) 100
Saba 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
161 Sierra Leone 31.55
162 Guinea 31.21
163 Senegal 30.38
164 Nicaragua 30.12
165 Guinea Bissau 30.10
166 Democratic Republic of the Congo 29.83
167 Sweden 29.33
168 Dominica 26.53
169 Belize 23.57
170 Lithuania 18.57

Carbon storage

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Germany 100
Northern Saint-Martin 100
Seychelles 100
Netherlands 100
Denmark 100
Russia 100
Morocco 100
Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands of the United States 100
Saba 100
French Guiana 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
139 Liberia 34.50
140 Senegal 33.57
141 Guinea 32.81
142 Sierra Leone 32.61
143 Ivory Coast 32.39
144 Guinea Bissau 30.37
145 Democratic Republic of the Congo 29.79
146 Barbados 26.96
147 Dominica 26.70
148 Nicaragua 9.76

Clean waters

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Heard and McDonald Islands 99.71
Falkland Islands 98.96
Bouvet Island 98.91
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 98.89
Kerguelen Islands 98.78
Jarvis Island 98.38
Macquarie Island 98.16
Phoenix Islands (Kiribati) 97.97
Howland Island and Baker Island 97.91
Crozet Islands 96.69

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
211 China 29.76
212 Slovenia 28.16
213 Nigeria 28.10
214 Monaco 24.45
215 Bangladesh 23.67
216 India 22.70
217 Gibraltar 16.14
218 Togo 0.00
219 Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) 0.00
220 Benin 0.00

Fisheries

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Clipperton Island 94.20
Heard and McDonald Islands 93.25
Kerguelen Islands 91.40
Pitcairn 89.10
Estonia 86.80
Finland 85.95
Howland Island and Baker Island 85.38
Wake Island 84.02
Latvia 83.29
Sierra Leone 78.03

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
211 Guyana 15.99
212 Sint Eustatius 15.62
213 Cambodia 14.79
214 Madagascar 13.37
215 Somalia 13.04
216 Haiti 12.79
217 Samoa 12.46
218 Vietnam 11.82
219 Myanmar 10.95
220 North Korea 10.16

Mariculture

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
South Korea 100.00
Norway 100.00
Chile 100.00
Ecuador 100.00
Faeroe Islands 100.00
North Korea 100.00
China 100.00
New Zealand 96.39
Iceland 91.09
Russia 58.89

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
191 Eritrea 0
192 Guinea 0
193 Guinea Bissau 0
194 Syria 0
195 Somalia 0
196 Sierra Leone 0
197 Democratic Republic of the Congo 0
198 Lebanon 0
199 Libya 0
200 Ivory Coast 0

Iconic species

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Finland 95.83
Latvia 95.45
Poland 95.45
Lithuania 95.45
Estonia 95.00
Denmark 90.27
Germany 89.84
Sweden 89.26
Norfolk Island 88.26
Australia 84.96

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
211 Crozet Islands 51.34
212 Amsterdam Island and Saint Paul Island 51.06
213 Prince Edward Islands 50.58
214 Jordan 50.34
215 Cambodia 48.73
216 Bahrain 48.16
217 Iraq 46.99
218 Bouvet Island 44.70
219 Heard and McDonald Islands 44.69
220 Monaco 36.14

Lasting special places

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Heard and McDonald Islands 100
Kerguelen Islands 100
Howland Island and Baker Island 100
Macquarie Island 100
Norfolk Island 100
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 100
Germany 100
Jan Mayen 100
Jarvis Island 100
Phoenix Islands (Kiribati) 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
211 Jordan 0
212 Bahrain 0
213 Togo 0
214 Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) 0
215 Sudan 0
216 Iraq 0
217 Benin 0
218 Eritrea 0
219 Syria 0
220 Libya 0

Natural products

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
New Caledonia 99.98
French Polynesia 98.03
Italy 95.63
Bangladesh 95.01
Indonesia 92.61
Philippines 92.37
South Korea 90.19
Latvia 89.88
North Korea 83.05
Cuba 82.85

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
129 Mayotte 0
130 Brunei 0
131 Saint Lucia 0
132 Equatorial Guinea 0
133 Sao Tome and Principe 0
134 Republique du Congo 0
135 Dominica 0
136 Algeria 0
137 Eritrea 0
138 Libya 0

Tourism and recreation

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Aruba 100
Northern Saint-Martin 100
Antigua and Barbuda 100
New Zealand 100
Bahamas 100
Seychelles 100
Curacao 100
Montserrat 100
Saba 100
Bonaire 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
191 Nigeria 2.06
192 Sudan 1.98
193 Democratic Republic of the Congo 0.43
194 Yemen 0.00
195 North Korea 0.00
196 Iran 0.00
197 Iraq 0.00
198 Syria 0.00
199 Somalia 0.00
200 Libya 0.00

Other analyses

Comparing trend and average index scores

To obtain a more complete picture of which regions are doing well and which are doing poorly we compared the average index scores (averaged over 2012 to 2018) and the trends for each region.

Of most concern are regions that have poor scores and declining trends: Eritrea, Somalia, Ivory Coast, Nicaragua, and Lebanon.

The following is an interactive plot (region names are visible when hovering over the points) showing the relationship between average index scores and trend. The horizontal line represents the 0 trend and the vertical line is the average of the average index scores.

Comparing assessment years

The following is a comparison of the global status scores generated for the 2017 scenario by this year’s assessment vs. last year’s assessment.

If the models and source data remain the same, these scores should be exactly the same. Differences indicate changes in methods or source data.

These changes do not reflect changes in actual system health!

We made a few changes to some goals, such as the addition of edible seaweed species to Mariculture and removal of edible seaweed species from Natural Products. Furthermore we changed the data source used for Fisheries from SAUP to Watson. We also had fairly large changes to how we process species data.

long_goal future pressures resilience score status trend
Artisanal opportunities -0.4954545 1.2311364 -1.6782273 -0.2939545 -0.0918182 -0.0000455
Biodiversity -1.8171818 NaN NaN -4.0684545 -6.3202727 0.0853636
Carbon storage -0.0735811 0.3076351 0.0475676 -0.0373649 0.0000000 0.0000000
Clean water -1.6004545 0.5300000 -0.2063636 -1.7878182 -1.9746818 0.0071364
Coastal protection -0.1074706 0.8816471 0.0984706 -0.0535882 0.0000000 0.0000000
Economies -0.1488235 0.9010900 -0.2546364 -0.0739706 0.0000000 0.0000000
Fisheries (subgoal) -0.5888182 0.7211364 -2.9127273 -0.1580909 0.2731818 -0.0213182
Food provision -0.6588584 NaN NaN -0.1828767 0.2929224 -0.0221461
Habitat (subgoal) -0.4005046 -0.3943119 -2.3463761 -0.3071560 -0.2144037 -0.0005556
Iconic species (subgoal) -0.8225455 0.2761364 -3.0646364 -0.1530000 0.5159091 -0.0182791
Index -0.2596818 NA NA -0.4923636 NA NA
Lasting special places (subgoal) 1.9970909 0.2061818 -0.2063182 1.8979545 1.7989545 0.0203636
Livelihoods -0.0564706 0.2798104 -0.1883182 -0.0279902 -0.0001961 -0.0001471
Livelihoods & economies -0.1025000 NaN NaN -0.0518627 0.0000980 -0.0010294
Mariculture (subgoal) -1.3176800 0.2067727 -0.2065000 -1.2756800 -1.2340800 -0.0049600
Natural products -0.8830370 1.8421678 -2.1402797 -1.6939259 -2.5044444 0.0351111
Sense of place 0.5871364 NaN NaN 0.8722727 1.1574545 0.0017273
Species condition (subgoal) -3.1311818 0.6495000 0.1487727 -7.6876818 -12.2450000 0.1684091
Tourism & recreation 1.5078000 0.4002727 -0.2063636 1.2716000 1.0356000 0.0451500

Country data

The following interactive plot provides an overview of how the 2017 scenario scores changed between the 2017 and 2018 assessment for all goals and dimensions.

Additional exploration

Suggestions?